GENETICS: branch of biology that studies heredity
GREGOR MENDEL:
-Austrian Monk
- Experimented with pea plants results: by breeding many plants over and over, "statistically" certain traits occur with a certain probability
conclusion:law of segregation- a pair of factors is separated during the formation of offspring law of independent assortment- factors for different characteristics are distributed to offspring independently
- Discovered seven traits are easily recognized and occur in only two forms
Flowers have both MALE (stamen-anther and filaments) and FEMALE (pistil-stigma, style and ovary) reproductive parts
Pollination-
*Pea Plants that contain both male and female reproductive parts reproduce by self-pollination
*Cross Pollination: fertilization of a plant's egg cell by the pollen of another plant
Basic Vocab trait- a characteristic of a species determined by specific genes dominant- the presence of this gene will mask the other gene recessive- this gene will be masked by the presence of a dominant gene gene- a sequence of base pairs in DNA that code for a specific protein chromosome- structures that carry genetic info in the form of DNA allele- alternative form a gene hybrid- organism produced by crossing parents with different characters homozygous- both pairs of genes for a specific trait are the same heterozygous- both pairs of genes are different genotype- the genetic makeup of an organism (ie. AA, Aa, aa) phenotype- the physical appearance of an organism (ie. Hair color, eye color, etc.)
This animation potrays a cross between the genes of a black homozygous recessive cat and a white homozygous dominant cat.
The dominant genes are capital letters (B) and the recessive genes are lower case letters (b).
complete dominance
MONOHYBRID CROSS
09_12aIncompleteDominance_U.jpg
a cross between individuals that involves one pair of contrasting traits DIHYBRID CROSS
a cross between individuals that involves two pairs of contrasting traits
INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE - inheritance relationship that occurs when both alleles influence the phenotype-->
CODOMINANCE - inheritance relationship in which neither allele totally masks the other
Patterns of Inheritance
GENETICS: branch of biology that studies heredityGREGOR MENDEL:
-Austrian Monk
- Experimented with pea plants
results: by breeding many plants over and over, "statistically" certain traits occur with a certain probability
conclusion: law of segregation- a pair of factors is separated during the formation of offspring
law of independent assortment- factors for different characteristics are distributed to offspring independently
- Discovered seven traits are easily recognized and occur in only two forms
Flowers have both MALE (stamen-anther and filaments) and FEMALE (pistil-stigma, style and ovary) reproductive parts
Pollination-
*Pea Plants that contain both male and female reproductive parts reproduce by self-pollination
*Cross Pollination: fertilization of a plant's egg cell by the pollen of another plant
Basic Vocab
trait- a characteristic of a species determined by specific genes
dominant- the presence of this gene will mask the other gene
recessive- this gene will be masked by the presence of a dominant gene
gene- a sequence of base pairs in DNA that code for a specific protein
chromosome- structures that carry genetic info in the form of DNA
allele- alternative form a gene
hybrid- organism produced by crossing parents with different characters
homozygous- both pairs of genes for a specific trait are the same
heterozygous- both pairs of genes are different
genotype- the genetic makeup of an organism (ie. AA, Aa, aa)
phenotype- the physical appearance of an organism (ie. Hair color, eye color, etc.)
This animation potrays a cross between the genes of a black homozygous recessive cat and a white homozygous dominant cat.
The dominant genes are capital letters (B) and the recessive genes are lower case letters (b).
MONOHYBRID CROSS
a cross between individuals that involves one pair of contrasting traits
DIHYBRID CROSS
a cross between individuals that involves two pairs of contrasting traits
INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE - inheritance relationship that occurs when both alleles influence the phenotype-->
CODOMINANCE - inheritance relationship in which neither allele totally masks the other
CHECK OUT THIS LINK TO FIND A GREAT VIDEO CALLED: THE BASIS OF HEREDITY, PATTERNS OF INHERITANCE
http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/10394-the-basis-of-heredity-patterns-of-inheritance-video.htm