Photosynthesis



 • __Parts of a leaf __ – Stoma : on the surface if the leaf, opens and closes like a pore allowing things  in and out – Thylakoid : Structure inside chloroplasts that contains pigment (shaped like a coin) – Granum : Stacks of thylakoids  –  Stroma : The fluid that fills the chloroplast • __Pigment __ – <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Pigments <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">absorb certain colors of light and reflect or transmit the other <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">colors – <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">A plant is the color of the light that is reflected <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"> – <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Photosynthesis <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">begins with the absorption of light by the pigments in the <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">thylakoids <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"> • __<span style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 14pt; color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Photosynthesis __<span style="font-size: 14pt; color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"> is the <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">conversion of light energy into chemical energy stored in organic <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">compounds. • __<span style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 14pt; color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Location __<span style="font-size: 14pt; color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">: Chloroplasts • __<span style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 14pt; color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Two Steps __<span style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 14pt; color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"> – <span style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 14pt; color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Light <span style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 14pt; color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Reactions <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"> • <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Reaction <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">occurs in membrane of the <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">thylakoid <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"> • <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Light <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">excites electrons in chlorophyll pigments (electrons go from low energy to high energy) • <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Electrons <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">travel to other molecules in membrane, losing energy along the way (This is called Electron Transport Chain, or ETC) • <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Electron <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">combine to <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">make ADP <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">+ phosphate + electron ATP – <span style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 14pt; color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Summary <span style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 14pt; color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">of Light Reactions: <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"> • <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Needed <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">: Light energy & H20 • <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Made <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">: ATP • <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Waste <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">: Oxygen – <span style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 14pt; color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Calvin <span style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 14pt; color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Cycle <span style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 14pt; color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"> • <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">produces glucose <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"> • <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Occurs <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">in <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">stroma <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"> of chloroplast • <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Uses <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">ATP and H from Light reaction • <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">ATP <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">+ H + CO <span style="font-size: 14pt; vertical-align: sub; color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt; mso-text-raise: -25%;">2 <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"> (from air) glucose ( <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">carbohydrate) <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">

– <span style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 14pt; color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Summary <span style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 14pt; color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"> • <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Light <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">reaction <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"> – <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Makes <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">ATP from ADP • <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Calvin <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Cycle <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"> – <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Makes <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Glucose