Inheritance

====**Patterns of Inheritance** ==== GENETICS : branch of biology that studies heredity GREGOR MENDEL: -Austrian Monk - Experimented with pea plants
 * results: by breeding many plants over and over, "statistically" certain traits occur with a certain probability**

**law of independent assortment- factors for different characteristics are distributed to offspring independently** - Discovered seven traits are easily recognized and occur in only two forms Flowers have both MALE (stamen-anther and filaments) and FEMALE (pistil-stigma, style and ovary) reproductive parts
 * conclusion:** **law of segregation- a pair of factors is separated during the formation of offspring**

Pollination-
 * Pea Plants that contain both male and female reproductive parts reproduce by self-pollination
 * Cross Pollination: fertilization of a plant's egg cell by the pollen of another plant

__**Basic Vocab**__ trait- a characteristic of a species determined by specific genes dominant- the presence of this gene will mask the other gene recessive- this gene will be masked by the presence of a dominant gene gene- a sequence of base pairs in DNA that code for a specific protein chromosome- structures that carry genetic info in the form of DNA allele - alternative form a gene hybrid - organism produced by crossing parents with different characters homozygous- both pairs of genes for a specific trait are the same heterozygous - both pairs of genes are different genotype- the genetic makeup of an organism (ie. AA, Aa, aa) phenotype- the physical appearance of an organism (ie. Hair color, eye color, etc.)

This animation potrays a cross between the genes of a black homozygous recessive cat and a white homozygous dominant cat. The dominant genes are capital letters (B) and the recessive genes are lower case letters (b).



MONOHYBRID CROSS a cross between individuals that involves __one__ pair of contrasting traits DIHYBRID CROSS a cross between individuals that involves __two__ pairs of contrasting traits

CODOMINANCE - inheritance relationship in which neither allele totally masks the other
 * INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE - inheritance relationship that occurs when both alleles influence the phenotype-->

CHECK OUT THIS LINK TO FIND A GREAT VIDEO CALLED: THE BASIS OF HEREDITY, PATTERNS OF INHERITANCE http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/10394-the-basis-of-heredity-patterns-of-inheritance-video.htm**